Combining the GMSL estimates from GRACE/GRACE-FO and Argo and then comparing to GMSL from satellite altimeters allows us to check our understanding of the contributors to GMSL and see if the "global sea level budget" can be closed. The Argo profiling floats measure temperature and salinity changes in the global ocean, and provide an estimate of thermosteric GMSL change. Global mean sea level (GMSL) has a century-long history of measurements by tide. The GRACE and GRACE-FO satellites measure mass-driven changes in GMSL associated with ice melt and changes in land water storage. enables us to scrutinize and understand the sources of the sea level. Video: 22-year sea level rise Video: how different factors, both natural and industrial, contribute to global warming. Other systems in the sea-level observation network provide estimates of the individual process contributing to GMSL rise. Video: total sea level change between 19, based on data collected from the TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 satellites. The rate of GMSL rise from 1993 to present has been measured at 3.4 millimeters per year, and there are indications that the rate of GMSL rise has increased during the satellite altimeter record. Satellite altimetry data have revealed a global mean sea level rise of 3.1 mm/yr since 1993 with large regional sea level variability. 3C GSW and 5C GSW show the percent chance (or likelihood) that sea-level rise meets or exceeds each scenario for 3C and 5C of average global surface warming (GSW) by 2100. With the launch of the Sentinel-6/Michael Freilich satellite in 2020, this record will soon surpass three decades. 20 show amounts of sea-level rise since 2000 for each scenario by the years 20. nutrient concentrations, or changes in sea-surface temperature. Land Water Storage: Water that is either removed from land (through groundwater pumping, for example) or impounded on land (through dam building, for example) can cause a net change in the total water found in the ocean.Ĭhanges in GMSL have been measured by satellite altimeters for the past 27 years. There are so many sources of large quantities of data that new organizations have been. Thermal Expansion: Ocean water expands as it absorbs trapped heat, causing sea levels to rise. Ice Melt: Due to the warming atmosphere and ocean, ice sheets and mountain glaciers are melting, resulting in the addition of fresh water into the ocean. Long-term changes in global mean sea level (GMSL) are predominantly driven by three processes: Global mean sea level provides an integrative measure of the state of the climate system, encompassing both the ocean and cryosphere (ice covered portions of Earth), and it can be viewed as an important indicator of what is happening to the climate in the present and what may happen in the future.
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